The First Puritan Settlement Of America - 1401 Words

Since the first Puritan settlement of America by the Massachusetts Bay Colony (â€Å"City on a Hill†) to the United States’ current involvement in the affairs of foreign countries, it is clear that Americans find a need to spread their democratic ideals abroad. The idea of Manifest Destiny, which was prevalent in pre-Civil War America, expressed the belief that Americans should expand their republican ideals of freedom, liberty, and democracy to the whole world.The notion of Manifest Destiny had many components, each serving people in different ways. Manifest Destiny reflected both the prides that characterized American Nationalism in the mid 19th century, and the idealistic vision of social perfection through God and the church. Both fueled much of the reform energy of the time. Individually, the components created separate reasons to conquer new land. Together they exemplified America s ideological need to dominate from pole to pole. To some, the Manifest Destiny Doctrine was based on the idea that America had a divine providence. It had a future that was destined by God to expand its borders, with no limit to area or country. All the traveling and expansion were part of the spirit of Manifest Destiny, a belief that it was God s will that Americans spread over the entire continent, and to control and populate the country as they see fit. Many expansionists conceived God as having the power to sustain and guide human destiny. It was white man s burden to conquer andShow MoreRelatedReligion Has Played An Important Role In The History Of1108 Words   |  5 Pagesthe first building to go up, and the town was built around it. Even though religious freedom has greatly influenced the history of the United States of America, it is also the foundation by which the Europeans discovered America. It is their religious ways which affected how they associated with the Native Americans, the new land, and their success of having America as their colony. Religious oppression in the American colonists was obvious. Europeans moved to the United States of America toRead MoreReligion Has Been A Major Force In The History Of The United1104 Words   |  5 PagesReligion has been a major force in the history of the United States and in settling the colonies of America in many ways. Religion was definitely one of the major reasons for the founding of the colonies. The early colonists wanted the freedom to worship God as they had seen as proper, and they were promised this freedom of worship. Most of these colonies were deeply rooted in their religious beliefs. Religion was a powerful influence on the social and polit ical life of the colonial times inRead MoreThe Beginnings Of English America1121 Words   |  5 PagesThe Beginnings of English America Long before Columbus sailed to America, Europeans had dreamed of a land full of abundance, riches, and freedom. Europeans believed that if they moved from Europe to America, their lives would change for the better when they stepped foot onto this new land. But what they did not realize was that things would not be so easy at first. There were some major similarities and differences between Europe and America. But compared to America, everyday life was completelyRead MoreCompare And Contrast Jamestown And From Of Plymouth Plantation714 Words   |  3 Pagesdiscovery of Virginia in 1607 at a place called Jamestown, this was the first permanent English settlement in the new world, the Americas. Also â€Å"From of Plymouth plantation†, by William Bradford, a historical account, is about when 13 years later about 100 settlers went on the big fancy ship called the Mayflower and landed in Massachusetts at a place they named Plymouth. With these two colonies, english settlements in north America were born. They historically had some similarities and also the coloniesRead MoreNative Americans And The United States991 Words   |  4 Pagestraveled during the Ice Age through the Bering Strait and English settlers sailed the Atlantic. Due to unknown reasons, most of the Native societies except for the Aztecs collapse before the arrival of the Europeans, which gives shine to the English settlements since their attainment set the roots of our society today. More importantly, it should be recognized the diverse cultures of English settlers since it has set the precedent for the tolerance and freedom of expression that is experienced in the UnitedRead MoreEssay On Jamestown Vs Plymouth705 Words   |  3 Pagesdiscovery of Virginia in 1607 at a place called Jamestown, this was the first permanent english settlement in the new world, the americas. Also â€Å"From of Plymouth plantation†, by William Bradford, a historical account, is about when 13 years later about 100 settlers went on the big fancy ship called the Mayflower and landed in Massachusetts at a place they named Plymouth. With these two colonies, english settlements in north america were born. They both had some similarities and also the colonies hadRead MoreJohn Calvin And The Protestant Reformation1462 Words   |  6 Pagesprotestantism further, which made the English leave England and go to America. -When Martin Luther posted the 95 theses, that led to the protestant reformation. -John Calvin was the leader of â€Å"Calvinism†, which focused on predestination. -Conversion was a religious event that placed you as either and â€Å"elect† or a â€Å"visible saint,† and were then expected to lead out their lives as either one. -Separatists were a group of Puritans who left the Church of England. The Pilgrims End Their PilgrimageRead MoreThirteen Colonies and New England944 Words   |  4 Pagesand in the founding of some middle colonies? 5. Besides England, what other nations influenced the colonization of the Atlantic coast of North America? 6. How did the colonization of Pennsylvania differ from the New England colonies and other middle colonies? Chapter Themes Theme: Religious and political turmoil in England shaped settlement in New England and the middle colonies. Religious persecution in England pushed the Separatists into Plymouth and Quakers into Pennsylvania. England’sRead MoreThe Puritans And The Colonists923 Words   |  4 PagesTThe Puritans were a devout spiritual group that left England and traveled to North America seeking religious freedom from the Church of England. The Puritans trusted that the word of God was the law of the land and it presented them with a plan for surviving. Puritans believed in treating one another with respect, having benevolence for the fellow mankind, loving one another as if they were family and God would reward them based on how well they treated their neighbors. The Puritans, who believedRead MoreThe First Great Awakening By The Puritans1356 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the Puritans made their initial journey to America in 1630, they possessed high aspirations and ideals in the hope that the ir future settlement at Massachusetts Bay would become a â€Å"city upon a hill†. The utopic settlement envisioned by the Puritans was supposed to serve as an example for the rest of the world in proper living. However, an increasing number of onerous factors and hardships fell upon the Puritan settlements, which would eventually lead to the diminishing of their once prominent

Export Import Free Essays

string(48) " use the ame as a raw material for manufacture\." Import and export of goods play a vital role in all the economy. That too, India is a developing country, the role of export and import are of greater emphasis. There must be a free flow of exports and imports in order to improve the economy. We will write a custom essay sample on Export Import or any similar topic only for you Order Now But, the free flow should not affect the economy. So, the control over import and export of goods become the need of the hour. Regulation mandated by a state attempts to produce outcome which might not otherwise occur, produce or prevent outcomes in different places to what might otherwise occur, or produce or prevent outcomes in ifferent timescales than would otherwise occur. In this way, regulations can be seen as implementations artifacts of policy statements. The economics of imposing or removing regulations relating to markets is analyzed in regulatory economics. [Development of economic legislation is of comparatively recent origin. Reserve Bank of India was established in 1935 to exercise control over banking and fiscal activities. Need to control economic activities through legislation arose during the Second World War to face shortages. Price and distribution controls were established on arious essential commodities under the Defense of India Act, 1939 (later converted into Essential Supplies (Temporary Powers) Act of 1946 and Essential commodities Act in 1955). Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1947 was passed to control the difficult position of foreign exchange. Industries (Development and Regulation) Act, 1951 provided for industrial licensing and registration. MRTP Act was passed in 1969 to exercise control over monopolies, unfair trade practices and restrictive trade practices. Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985 was passed as a solution to growing sickness in industries. Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 was passed to establish a statutory body (SEBI) to exercise control over rapidly growing capital market. Earlier, capital issues (control) Act, 1947 was used to exercise control over capital issues. This Act was scrapped after the formation of SEBI. As international business is growing, importance of controls over foreign transactions is growing. The main purpose of economic legislation is to support the economic policies of the Government. b. to exercise control over economic activities. to protect consumers from unscrupulous persons. d. To prevent bad side effects of the development. India decided to follow Russian model of ‘controlled economy and ‘leading role to public sector’. Various Acts were passed atter 1947 to suppo t rt nese ideals. T envisaged various controls, licensing etc†¦ Some Acts like Essential Commodities Act. FERA was designed to support ‘shortage economy, where supply was less compared to demand. These economic policies were totally changed in July 1991. It is ironical that through the policies have changrd, the old Acts still continue. Though some amendments to FERA, MRTP Act etc†¦ have been made, the basic philosophy of these Acts (i. e) controls and licensing continues. Luckily, the Acts provided so much flexibility in framing policies that these old Acts provided so much flexibility in framing policies that these old Acts designed for different purposes and with entirely different concepts can be in fact are being used to implement new policies. Indeed the new policies are against basic philosophy of the old economic legislation. The country which is purchasing the goods is known as the importing country and the country which is selling the goods known as exporting country. The traders involved in such transaction are importers and exporters respectively. In India, exports and imports are regulated by Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation) Act, 1992, which replaced the Imports and Exports (control) Act, 1947, and gave the Government of India enormous powers to control it. Besides the FTDR Act, there are some other laws which control the export and import of goods. These include :- a. -rea Act, 1953 b. Coffee Act, 1942 The Rubber Act, 1947 The Marine Products Export Development Authority Act, 1972 e. The Enemy Property Act, 1968 The Export (Quality Control and Inspection) Act, 1963. g. The tobacco Board Act, 197513] IMPORT RESTRICTIONS Control over the import ot the goods in to India is exercised by the Import Trade Control Oragnisation, which functions under the ministry of commerce. This rganisation is supervised by the director General of foreign trade station at New Delhi, who is assisted by Additional and Joint director general and by other licensing authorities at various centers. Current import policy is embodied in the export and import policy book out by the DGFT. CUSTOMS ACT, 1962 Section 12(1) of the customs Act is the charging section which provides for imposition of a duty called Customs duty levied as per the customs Tariff act 1975, or any other law for the time being in force on the goods imported in to India or exported out of India. The objects of Customs Act are i) To regulate imports and exports. To protect domestic industries from dumping. iii) revenue in the form of customs duty and indirect tax. iv) legislations such as FTDR and FEMA. To collect To assist allied By virtue of the power conferred under Secl 56 of the Customs Act 1962 Central Govt is empowered to make rules consistent with the provisions of the Act. Similarly by virtue of its powers conferred under Sec157 of the Act , the Central Board of Excise and Customs(CBEC) has been empowered to frame regulations( Customs House Agent Regulations) EXPORT IMPORT PROHIBITIONS Secl 1 of the Customs Act 1962 gives powers to central government to prohibit import or export of goods . Such a prohibition can be absolute or conditional. Absolute prohibition means an importer is totally prohibited in importing/exporting the subject goods. Some of the goods prohibited from time to time are narcotic drugs, explosives, live or dead animals [birds, arms and ammunition, counterfeit currency notes. On the other hand, conditional prohibition would mean that the prohibition would mean that the prohibition would mean that the prohibition is subject to certain conditions imposed. A conditional prohibition would attract in a case where the importer is prohibited in selling/trading the imported goods but can only use the ame as a raw material for manufacture. You read "Export Import" in category "Papers" Some item like wool, turmeric, onion, black pepper, tea, etc†¦ are allowed to be exported only after they are graded by designated authorities. In terms of Sec. ll (2) of the Customs Act, 1962, the prohibition may among other things relate to the following: i) Maintenance of security of India. Prevention of smuggling Conservation of foreign exchange and safeguarding balance of payments. Prevention of serious injury to domestic production of goods. v) Protection of national treasures. Maintenance of public order and standards of decency and morality. vii) Protection of IPR (Patent/Trademark/Copyright) viii) Any other matter conducive to the interest of general public. Sec. 2 (33) of the act defines prohibited goods means any goods the import or export of which is subject to any prohibition under this act or any other law for time being in force but doesn’t include any such goods in respect of which the conditions subject to which the goods are permitted to be imported or exported, have been complied with. Therefore, the prohibition under Customs Act applies to prohibition under any other law in India. ) Ancient Monument Prevention Act prohibits/ restricts antiquities e imported or exported without licence. b) Arms and ammunition cannot c) Wildlife Act prohibits certain exports- ‘red sandal wood ‘(which are used in Middle East countries for making musical instruments) d) Environment Protection Act prohibits export of some items. At the time of import of goods the customs authorities will first check whether the items imported is prohibited / restricted or subject to conditional import, before allowing clearance of the goods. Similarly at the time export also the goods are given ‘let export order’ only after they are checked with the reference to restrictions/ rohibitions. If such goods are attempted to be smuggled the goods are liable to seizure/confiscation and the offender liable to penal action including arrest / prosecution under the Customs Act. The word ‘confiscation’ implies appropriation consequential to seizure. The essence and concept of the confiscation is that after confiscation the property of the confiscated goods vest with the central govt. Secl 1 1 of the Act provides for confiscation of improperly imported goods. The goods brought from a place outside India shall be liable for confiscation. Sec. 111 (d) says â€Å"any goods hich are imported or attempted to be imported or are brought within the Indian Customs waters for the purpose of being imported, contrary to any prohibition imposed by or under this act or any other law for the time being in force. Secl 13 of the Act deals with confiscation of goods attempted to be improperly exported . The export goods shall be liable for confiscation under sec 113 (d) says â€Å"any goods attempted to be exported or brought within the limits of any customs area for the purpose of being exported contrary to any prohibition imposed by or under this Act or any other law for time being in force. COFEPOSA, 1974 Conservation of Foreign Exchange and prevention of smuggling Activities Act (COFEPOSA) was passed in 1974 when foreign exchange position in India was bleak and smuggling was beyond control. In view of recent liberalisation, the Act has lost its significance. The Act gives wide powers to executive to detain a person on mere Suspicion of smuggling (the draconian provisions of the act can be compared with provisions of TADA, where a person can be incarnated in Jail merely for possessing a illegal weapon and having acquaintances with some underworld elements, without any proof of direct involvement in terrorist activities). The acts like COFEPOSA, TADA, etc†¦ are criticized on the ground that they violate basic human rights. Freedom of a man can be taken away under such Acts, without Judicial scrutiny and safeguards. The act has been given special protection by including the same in the 9th schedule to constitution. The validity of COFEPOSA particularly section 5A and SAFEMA smugglers and foreign Exchange Manipulators (forfeiture of property) Act 1976, have been upheld in Attorney General of India Vs. Amaratlal PraJivandas[4]. A 9 member bench SC order. Thus, individual civil liberties can be curtailed for national security and in national interest. Under provisions of the act, a Government officer, not below the rank of Joint Secretary in case of central Government and Secretary in case of State Government, who is specifically authorized by central or state government for that purpose, is authorised to order detention of a person (including a foreigner) with a view to prevent him from acting in any manner prejudicial to conservation or augmentation of foreign exchange, or to prevent him from smuggling or abetting smuggling of goods, or transporting, keeping conceling or dealing in smuggling goods or harbouring persons engaged in smuggling ot goods. section. ). where an order ot detention is made by state government officer, it should be reported to central government within 10 days. (Section. 3 (2)). When detention is ordered by central government, central govt. is appropriate government. When detention is ordered by state government, that govt. is appropriate government. The significance of this definition is that the ‘A ppropriate government’ has to make a reference to advisory board formed for the purpose of COFEPOSA and take action as per decision of advisory board. Appropriate government also has powers to revoke a detention, release a person temporarily, etc†¦ SAFEMA, 1976 Another act relevant to COEPOSA is SAFEMA – smugglers and Foreign Exchange Manipulators (Forfeiture of property) Act, 1976. The act applies to persons convicted under customs Act, FERA and to those detained under COFEPOSA. The purpose of the act is to forfeit the illegally acquired properties of the smugglers and foreign exchange manipulators. Property can be forfeited merely on the ground that he is detained under COFEPOSA. However, in case of customs and FERA, property can be forfeited only if a person is convicted under these Acts. An appellate tribunal has also been formed for this purpose. COFEPOSA is dreaded Act similar to TADA. It permits detention of a person even without a charge. Since the powers are extraordinary, generally courts are strict about the conditions prescribed in respect of detention. FOREIGN TRADE (DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATION) ACT, 1992. The FTDR Act is designed to develop and regulate foreign trade by facilitating imports in to India, and augmenting exports from India, and for matters connected therewith. The salient features of the Act are as follows; 0 It has empowered the Central Government to make provisions for development and regulation of foreign trade by acilitating imports into, and augmenting exports from India and for all matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. 0 The Central Government can prohibit, restrict and regulate exports and imports, in all or specified cases as well as subject them to exemptions. 0 It authorizes the Central Government to formulate and announce an Export and Import (EXIM) Policy and also amend the same from time to time, by notification in the Official Gazette. It provides for the appointment of a Director General of Foreign Trade by the Central Government for the purpose of the Act. He shall advise Central Government in formulating export and import policy and implementing the policy. 01Jnder the Act, every importer and exporter must obtain a ‘Importer Exporter Code Number’ (‘EC) from Director General of Foreign Trade or from the officer so authorised. The Director General or any other officer so authorised can suspend or cancel a licence issued for export or import of goods in accordance with the Act. But he does it after giving the licence holder a reasonable opportunity of being heard. PENALTY Export or import in violation of provisions of the act, rules or policy is an offence. Penalty up to five times the value of goods can be imposed. The contravening goods and conveyance carrying the goods are liable to confiscation. The goods and conveyances confiscated can be released by paying redemption charges equal to market value of such goods or conveyance. Conveyance will not be confiscated if it is owner proves that the conveyance was used without his knowledge or ne took reasonable precautions against its misuse. Penalty and confiscation can be ordered by ‘Adjudicatory authority. APPEAL Appeal against the order of DGFT for refusing of suspending or cancelling code umber or licence or imposing penalty can be filed within 45 days with prescribed authority. Appeal can be filed only on payment of penalty imposed, unless appellate authority dispense with such pre deposit (Section. 5 of FTDR). Central Government can call and examine any records and pass revision orders in some cases (section. 16 of the act). SETTLEMENT A person can opt for settlement by admitting contravention in the following Contravention was without willful mistake or without any circumstances. a. collusion, fraud or without intention to cause loss of foreign exchange. b. Person mporting has not misutilised the imported goods, but condition of ‘Actual userâ €™ or ‘Export obligation’ have not been satisfied. How to cite Export Import, Papers

Marketing Plan for Leather Bags in UK - Get Solution

Question: Describe about the Marketing Plan For Leather Bags In UK? Answer: Abstract The report focuses on the marketing plan for the tote leather handbag which is being introduced by Bohlux which is a medium scale leather producing company of USA. The company proposes to introduce the product in UK and the major target market consists of high income group of female customers. The report highlights the fact that the company will be able to successfully operate in UK and since the sales trend for leather goods are growing positive hence the company will be able to make profit out of sales of the product. Finally the report shows that for entering the UK market, Bohlux will use pull marketing strategy and opt for Facebook marketing and promotion. Does The Intricacy of The Topic Intimidate You? Tame Your Fear with Unmatched Assignment Help Services from Professional Writers. 1. Introduction According to Alaoui, Ezzine and Azzi (2012) advent of social media has helped the marketers to successfully market the products within different segment of target market with least amount of promotional expenses. UK accounts for strong history of leather processing and leather manufacturing. However the industry began to contract during 1980 when majority of the leather producing companies shifted their production to the eastern countries like Africa and Asia. The report will focus on marketing plan for the launch of new leather handbag by Bohlux. The assignment primarily deals with the marketing of the leather handbags in UK through social media marketing tools. East, Wright and Vanhuele (2013) stated that due to high rate of import of cheap leather goods from the eastern countries, the demand for the local high-class leather goods of UK has been decreasing lately. Thus, the report will focus on analyzing the feasibility of the UK market with regards to launch of the new leather handbag. The report will finally focus on using Face book as the major marketing tool for the promotion of the leather handbags in UK. 2. Product Analysis The marketing plan will focus on introduction of female leather handbags and clutches by a medium-scale leather good producing company namely Bohlux. The company focuses on combining innovation with ethnicity and style. Bohlux is primarily a USA based leather workshop which aims in providing stylish and luxuriously designed handbags for the female population suiting the needs of the exquisite lifestyle of the female customers (Bohlux.com 2015). Majority of the products of Bohlux includes clutches, sling shoulder bags, tote handbags, satchels, cross body and Messenger bags. The company has been able to successfully make its mark within the fashion industry of US with the stylish handbags that provides the customers with the feel of Italian and French style quotient. Bohlux, has shifted its focus on introducing the range of leather handbags with British ethnicity in UK. The new range of tote handbags that will be launched with the help of the Facebook marketing in UK will be named as Smartways Leather Bags. Beldona, Lin and Yoo (2012) unlike the USA customer segment, who prefers small to medium sized purse and clutches, female population of UK generally prefers stylish and dignified look and hence they prefer using traditional and large-sized Tote handbags. The company has selected the name Smartways Leather Bag in order to promote the smart, urban and classy style incorporated with the handbags. The company will use Cowhide leather which is the best quality leather for production of the new range of Tote handbags. 3. Macro environment analysis Bohlux has selected UK for the country expansion strategy for sale of its new range of Tote handbags. Assessment of UK leather industry in context to the demand of leather products shows presence of two favorable factors namely high demand of Leather goods irrespective of the income of the consumers and high availability of best quality hides and skins for production of leather goods (Mullen Johnson, 2013). The PESTEL analysis conducted on the business operational facilities in UK will help in understanding the feasibility of UK as a new country for expansion. P- political factors Trading relations with UK is highly favorable due to the low level of political, economic and financial risk within the country. Further, Baker (2014) added that UK government discourages any monopoly in any particular trading sector and promotes free and fair competition Moreover majority of the large scale leather producing companies of UK are engaged in trading relations with Asian countries thus the export and import duties for the leather goods are low (Solomon,Russell-Bennett Previte 2012). E- Economic factors The economic analysis of UK non-food retail market shows that the overall retail market is expected to increase by 15% within the next 5 years (Johnson et al. 2013). As per the reports of The Guardian, the demand for the luxury products in UK was stagnant even during the recession period which proves to be beneficial for the sale of the luxury goods like Handbags. Around 3.5% of minimum wage of an individual in UK is spent for the purchase of luxury items like garments, accessories and Handbags (Paul et al. 2013). S- social factors Around 50% of the UK customers spend one-third part of their monthly income for purchase of luxury products in order to maintain the high social status (the Guardian 2002). UK is considered as one of the biggest fashion hub where demands for stylish and ethnic products are always high irrespective of the economic condition of the country. As per the 2011, census report, the total population of UK is 63.2 million out of which 32.2 million consists of female population and thus the demand for the female luxury products like bags, accessories and fashion equipments are high compared to the male accessories in UK (Ons.gov.uk 2015). T- technological factors Technologically UK has been one of the developing nations and the governments high level of encouragement to the different entrepreneurs is helping UK in developing the innovation level in different sectors. UK also accounts for the large volumes of Cow hides and skins that help in production of relevant leather goods for some of the branded leather manufacturing companies of UK (Chaffey, Ellis-Chadwick Chaffey 2012). L- legal factors The leather industry in UK is regulated by the norms under the UK leather Safety and Guidance regulations that provides the different terms for managing moral and legal terms during the production of leather goods in different companies of UK. The leather footwear companies operating in UK are required to obtain legal workplace permits from the UK government before commencing production of leather goods (W-Fowler, 2015). E- environmental factors The leather companies operating in UK are also required to abide by the following environmental directives in relation to manufacturing and production of raw hide and skin for production of leather goods: Water Framework Directive Solvent Emissions directive Norms of Tanneries BREF Registration, authorization and evaluation of Chemicals Regulation (Ons.gov.uk, 2015) Further, Bastien and Kapferer (2013) added that the tanneries are also required to abide by the norms of Integrated Pollution, prevention and Control (IPPC) Regime for reducing environmental pollution generated from the manufacturing and production of leather goods. 4. Situational analysis 4.1 Overview of leather goods industry of UK The luggage and bags market of UK accounts for around 10.6% of the total leather goods market of UK and is forecasted to increase by around 2 billion within 2017 (Chiew, 2015). The luggage and leather goods market includes different leather products like bags, wallets, purses, handbags, suitcases, travel bags and briefcases. However, as per the reports of Euromonitor, the luggage market of UK has experienced poor growth in the recent years and the market declined by -1.5% to -0.8% from 2011 to 2012 (Euromonitor.com, 2015). However, the unprecedented growth of the luxury sector of UK confirms the fact that the luggage and leather goods industry of UK is also expected to grow in the recent years. The following table shows the market segmentation for luggage and leather goods in UK. category 2015 ( billion) Percentage (%) Luggage 1.1 61.5% Bags, wallets and purses 0.8 38.5% Total 1.9 100 % Table 1: Market segmentation for luggage and leather goods in UK (Source: Store.mintel.com, 2015) Figure 1: Market segmentation for luggage and leather goods in UK (Source: Store.mintel.com, 2015) The following table shows the forecasted growth rate of the leather goods industry from 2012 to 2017 to highlight the estimated trend of leather goods sales in UK. Table 2: Forecasted growth rate of the leather goods industry from 2012 to 2017 (Source: Armstrong, 2015) Figure 2: Forecasted growth rate of the leather goods industry from 2012 to 2017 (Source: Armstrong, 2015) Gonca Telli Yamamoto (2012) stated that for a new entrant within the leather industry of UK, stiff competition may be faced from the large scale department stores, retailers and specialized clothing and accessories centers. The leather market of UK are dominated by the international and domestic companies like Zara, Louis Vitton, Marks and Spencer, Hermes, Prada, Coach and LVMH. However, in terms of employment, it can be stated that lack of labors skilled in embroidery and ethnic works makes it difficult for all the domestic UK companies to produce innovative leather products. The reputation of leather industry in UK also depends on the presence of high technological innovations for the leather production and presence of Institute of Creative Leather Technologies (ICLT) at University of Northhampton 4.2 STP analysis for leather handbags The assessment of the STO analysis for the target customers of UK will help Bohlux in promoting and launching the new Tote Handbags in UK. Segmentation According to Jung Choo et al. (2012) segmentation strategy includes segmenting the total population based on gender, age, and income and purchase behavior. In case of Smartways leather bags, the following characteristics will be chosen for segmenting the overall UK population. Since the luggage and leather bag demand have decreased in the past years hence the company will have to initially focus on the high-income segment of total population. As per gender segment, the company will include only target the female customers since the product is tote handbag. However, Hooley, Piercy and Nicoulaud (2012) stated that selection of a particulars section from among the overall target segment helps in focusing on aggressive marketing for the product. Thus the target segment of Smartways Leather bags will include the female corporate professional, business entrepreneurs, models and actors and housewives of high-end professionals. Targeting Bohlux will target majorly the female population within the age range of 25 to 45 years for the Smartways leather Handbags. Smartways will be designed as Tote handbags with broad and small straps that will allow the user to carry the bag as a hanging hand bag. The size of the bag will vary from large to medium and which will give the female population spacious opportunity of storing various important objects (Westwood 2013). Target segment characteristics Age group 25 to 45 years Income segment High income class and urban population Corporate professionals and wives of high-business class individuals Gender Only female customers Purchasing characteristics Highly fashion conscious High demand due to professional needs The company has focused on making different colors for the bags in order to attract the younger generation of female population in UK Positioning The product will be promoted based on the online strategy platforms. Bohlux has focused on making tote a part of the luxury handbag segment by differentiating on the basis of heritage, craftsmanship, unique design and high price. Gorp Hoffmann Coste-Manire (2012) stated that majority of the common female population takes fashion aspirations from the celebrities. Thus, Bohlux will focus on positioning the Smartways leather bags under category of fashionable accessories. In terms of targeting the overall female population of UK, Bohlux will use niche promotional strategies that will target only the high-class female population whose income level is above the average monthly income. Selection of the high income segment will help the company to sale the product in UK, since the customers in UK are highly afflicted towards the luxury product group irrespective of their income level. 4.3 SWOT analysis of leather handbags Strength Bohlux is a medium scale company and the designer bags offered by Bohlux generally is styled differently than the European bags. The company uses own handbag patterns and uses best quality cow hides and skins for the purpose of bag production(Hooley, Piercy Nicoulaud, 2012). The company also produces customized tailored handbags for high- priced handbag Bohlux provides the option of online product delivery along with physical product delivery which gives the company the opportunity of catering to the needs of a large customer segment. Weaknesses Sale of the luxury leather handbag is reducing due to reduction in demand for luxury products (Stefan et al. 2012) Bohlux faces high competition from the international brands like Coach, Louis Vitton and Prada. Production of leather handbags requires large amounts of cow hides which are unavailable in USA. Opportunities Bohux is operating primarily in USA where the numbers of brand conscious customers are high. Thus, Shankar and Carpenter (2012) stated that expansion to Asian countries and UK will help Bohlux to make successful expansion. The company can introduce low and medium priced handbags for the common income group customers in UK in order to trigger demands. Threats Economic recession may threaten the existence of the overall demand of leather handbags in different countries since leather handbags are considered to be luxury product. Fluctuations in the taste and preference of the customers will also affect the demand for leather handbags (Lamb, Hair McDaniel, 2013). Threat of reduction in demand due to availability of large number of substitute bags at low costs. 4.4 Sales forecast Bohlux plans on using social media marketing for introducing Smartways leather bags in UK market. The company will take the help of Facebook which is used by around 31.2 million UK populations and will promote the new category of Tote handbags through the online marketing startegy of Facebook (Statista, 2015). As per the reports of Mintel, 50% of the female shoppers in UK generally considers leather handbag as a lucrative product and occasionally purchases the bag without any valid purchase intention. Thus the occasional luxury purchases have helped the handbag industry to grow by 9.3% with a sales turnover of around 1.3 billion in 2014 (Store.mintel.com, 2015). Depending on the purchase behavior and the growing trend of the handbag market of UK, Bohlux has estimated the following sales trend for Smartways leather bags for the next six months: Months Quantity Rate/ price () Total () 1st month 1000 21.80 21800 2nd month 1100 26.80 29480 3rd month 1200 31.80 38160 4th month 1300 36.80 47840 5th month 1400 41.80 58520 6th month 1500 46.80 70200 Table 3: Sales forecast of Smartways leather bags for first 6 months (Source: created by author) Figure 3: Sales forecast of Smartways leather bags for first 6 months (Source : Created by author) The table shows that the management of Bohlux will launch 1000 leather handbags initially through Facebook marketing and the company is expecting to increase the quantity by 100 handbags every month with an average sale of 1500 handbags within first 6 months from the launch of the product. The initial rate of the handbag will be fixed at minimum price of 21.80 and the company will increase 5 every month depending on the demand and acceptance of Smartways leather handbags in UK market. 5. Marketing plan of leather handbag on Facebook Hooley, Piercy and Nicoulaud (2012) opined that usage of social media platforms as marketing channels currently has helped the majority of the medium scale companies to reduce the operational costs involving high promotional, advertisement and selling costs. As per 2015 survey reports, Facebook currently has over 1 billion users globally in around six continents and 100 countries (Doughty, 2015). As per the 2015 reports, 31 million users in UK are using Facebook and frames around 60% of their purchase decision based on Facebook product promotion. The percentage of women population (51%) using Facebook is considerably higher than the male population (49%) thus; in case of marketing female products the companies will be successful in catering to a large segment of female population. It has been estimated that the number of Facebook users in UK will increase to 33 million within 2018. Thus considering the high relevance of facebook and the influence of Facebook on triggering purchase de cisions of majority of the customers, the company can successfully promote its product. Figure 4: Facebook users in UK (Source: Statista 2015) 5.1 Identification of Facebook marketing strategy 42% of the marketers feel that Facebook is highly important for their business since the number of Facebook users and the frequency of Facebook use is increasing currently. Thus, Shankar and Carpenter (2012) stated that adoption of Facebook marketing strategies will help in creating more in-depth awareness about the product in the mind of the customers. According to Lamb, Hair and McDaniel (2013) push and pull marketing strategies are the two opposite marketing strategies that aim to attract the customers to the product and also generate awareness about the product within the relevant target segment. In case of Smartways Leather bags, Bohlux will use the social pull marketing strategies to attract the customers towards the product. Sevitz, Brent and Fourie (2012) stated that the social pull marketing strategy is a combination of both push and pull marketing strategies and helps in successfully attracting the customers towards the products with the help of social media promotion. Marketers get the options of providing information about the product to all segments of customers through the official facebook page and pull attraction of the customers towards the product. According to Phau, Lee and Quintal (2013) pull marketing is a form of inbound marketing where the marketer aims to pull the consumer into business. Bohlux will use the social pull marketing to attract the high class female population of UK for Smartways leather bags. Assessment of purchase behavior of the female population in terms of leather bags and luxury bags shows the following characteristics: Purchase decision depending on social status and high price consciousness for the leather bags Preference to brands with ethical and sustainable practices 37% of the female population makes online purchase in case of accessories, leather bags and luxury bags High preference for designs that combines ethnicity with style Purchase intention depending on word-of-mouth marketing and social promotions (East,Wright Vanhuele 2013) Depending on the purchase behavior of the UK customers, the pull strategy of Bohlux for Smartways leather bags will focus on following strategies: The company will adopt an ethical strategy by engaging the product sale with ethical donations to NGOs Bohlux will introduce Smartways Leather Bags through different online selling portals like Amazon and eBay. This will help in generating high online sales for Smartways Leather Bags. Bohlux will be required to keep the Facebook page active so that the number of visitors increases thereby increasing the product and company awareness in UK. The major aim of the pull marketing strategy is to bring the customer to the product rather than going to the customer with product and forcing the customer to purchase the product (Baker 2014). Thus, Bohlux will use search engine optimization, coupon-advertisements, flyers and personalized emails for making the customers aware of Bohlux and its existing as well as new product range. Mitic and Kapoulas (2012) opined that the number of shares and likes over the Facebook page will help an organization to forecast the level of demand for the product. Bohlux is a medium scale brand which does not feature as an immediate finding on the search engine among the different USA brands. Thus, Bohlux in order to pull the UK customers will have to improve the search engine optimization rate by including relevant searching keywords like leather bags, Bohlux Leather bags, Bohlux handbags, Popular handbag, USA, Bohlux and Tote handbags- Bohlux. Further, Bohlux currently has a very simple Facebook page that generally highlights some of the products of Bohlux without any relevant information about any product. However, in order to pull UK customers to make purchase decision regarding Bohlux products, the company will have to enhance the visual look and the content of the official Facebook page. Bohlux should include high quality digital pictures of the new range of leather bags and new Smartways Leather bags with some important information like price of the bags, bag-size and information on discounts, coupons and online purchase links. Further, Bohlux should also include pop-up advertisements in profiles of all face book users irrespective of the target groups. The pop-up ad at the side of the user profile help the company to promote its product conituonusly for a long time span and generates top-of-the mind awareness for products(Pride Ferrell 2012). Further, Bohlux can also introduce different discussion links and discussion chain on Smartways leather and invite the friends present within the Facebook profile to contribute their thoughts about the new product range. This will generate product awareness and word-of mouth promotion of the new range of leather bags within the UK target population. Pearson(2013) stated that celebrity endorsements have always influenced female customers in taking purchase decision without any relevant purchase intention. Thus, depending on this factor, Bohlux can also post different videos of celebrities and models advertising and promoting the Smartways leather bags on their faceboo k page. This strategy will help Bohlux in influencing the high-income group of female customers to purchase Smartways bags in order to enhance their social status. 5.2 Evaluation for selection of alternative marketing strategy According to Bastien and Kapferer (2013) major difference between push and pull strategy is that in pull marketing the company will get independent customers who will willingly purchase the product of the company, however in case of push strategy the company will force the customers to purchase the products. Thus, companies using the pull marketing strategy generally benefit more because the willful customers tend to be loyal ad long-term customers of the company. Mullen and Johnson(2013) argued that in case of push marketing strategy the company will use different promotional strategies like inclusion of discounts, coupons, gifts, warranties and guarantees and additional after sales services for marketing the product and making the product attractive for the customers. In case of push marketing thus, the customer may change the purchase preference with the change in the fashion trends. Hence, Phau, Lee and Quintal (2013) stated that push marketing does not generate long-term loyal c ustomers for the company. In case of Smartways leather bags, Bohlux will use the pull marketing since the company is entering a new market and hence the company requires loyal customers for its product in UK. On the contrary if Bohlux uses the push marketing strategy for online promotion of its new handbag, it will not be able to succeed in the long run due to the presence of large number of competitors dominating the luxury bag industry of UK. Further, use of the push marking strategy will involve aggressive online promotion of leather bags and forcing the UK customers to like the page of Facebook. Application of the push strategy might help Bohlux in securing large number of views and likes for the facebook page and the products promoted through the facebook page, however, the conversion of users liking the page to potential buyers will be limited. Thus, it is advisable for Bohlux to use pull marketing strategy and create product demand among UK customers on a gradual basis. 6. Conclusion The analysis of the marketing plan shows that although the leather goods market in UK had deteriorated during 2012-2014, however, the gradual increase in market share and revenue of luggage and leather sector in UK confirms the fact that Bohlux will be able to market and sell its products successfully. Within the marketing report the analysis of the leather goods industry of UK shows a positive trend in purchase of handbags and the SWOT analysis of Leather handbags confirms the fact that the company will be able to operate successfully in UK. 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